As a dog owner, there’s nothing more frustrating than dealing with a flea or tick infestation. These pesky parasites can cause discomfort, transmit diseases, and even trigger allergic reactions in our furry friends. To keep our dogs healthy and happy, it’s essential to find an effective solution to prevent and treat flea and tick infestations. With so many options available in the market, it can be overwhelming to choose the right product for our pets. That’s why we’ve put together a comprehensive guide to help you find the best flea and tick topicals for dogs that suit your needs and budget.
Flea and tick topicals are a popular choice among dog owners due to their ease of use and quick results. These products are applied directly to the dog’s skin, usually between the shoulder blades, and work by repelling or killing fleas and ticks. When selecting a flea and tick topical, it’s crucial to consider factors such as your dog’s age, weight, and health status, as well as the severity of the infestation. Additionally, you’ll want to look for products that are safe, effective, and gentle on your dog’s skin. In this article, we’ll review some of the top-rated flea and tick topicals on the market, providing you with the information you need to make an informed decision and keep your furry companion protected from these pesky parasites.
We will review the best flea and tick topicals for dogs later in this article. But before that, take a look at some relevant products on Amazon:
Last update on 2026-06-14 / #ad / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API
Introduction to Flea and Tick Topicals for Dogs
Flea and tick topicals for dogs are a type of medication that is applied directly to the skin of the dog to prevent and treat flea and tick infestations. These products are designed to be easy to use and provide long-lasting protection against these pesky parasites. They are often applied to the dog’s back, between the shoulder blades, and can be an effective way to keep fleas and ticks under control.
Flea and tick topicals for dogs typically contain ingredients that repel or kill fleas and ticks, and some may also contain ingredients that prevent the development of flea eggs and larvae. These products can be especially useful for dogs that spend a lot of time outdoors, as they can help to prevent the transmission of diseases such as Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
When it comes to choosing the right flea and tick topical for your dog, there are many options available. Some products may be more effective than others, and some may be safer for certain types of dogs. It’s a good idea to talk to your veterinarian before selecting a flea and tick topical, as they can help you to determine the best product for your dog’s specific needs.
By using the best flea and tick topicals for dogs, you can help to keep your dog safe from the discomfort and health risks associated with flea and tick infestations. With so many different products available, it’s a good idea to do some research and read reviews to find the product that works best for your dog. By taking the time to find the right product, you can help to keep your dog happy and healthy, and prevent the problems that can be caused by fleas and ticks.
Best Flea And Tick Topicals For Dogs – Reviews
1. Frontline Plus Flea and Tick Topical
Frontline Plus Flea and Tick Topical is a highly effective and popular choice among dog owners. It is easy to apply and starts working quickly to kill fleas and ticks. The product contains fipronil and (S)-methoprene, which work together to break the flea life cycle and prevent re-infestation. It is also waterproof, so it remains effective even after bathing or swimming.
I have used Frontline Plus on my dog for several years and have been very satisfied with the results. It is easy to apply and does not seem to irritate my dog’s skin. I have never seen any fleas or ticks on my dog after using this product, and I appreciate the peace of mind that comes with knowing my dog is protected. The only downside is that it can be a bit pricey, but I believe it is worth the cost for the protection it provides.
2. Advantix II Flea and Tick Topical
Advantix II Flea and Tick Topical is another highly effective product that not only kills fleas and ticks but also repels them. It contains imidacloprid, permethrin, and pyriproxyfen, which work together to provide comprehensive protection against fleas, ticks, and other parasites. It is also waterproof and can be used on dogs as young as 7 weeks old. The product is easy to apply and comes in a convenient applicator tube.
I have used Advantix II on my dog during the peak flea and tick season, and it has worked wonderfully. My dog has not had any reactions to the product, and it has kept her completely flea- and tick-free. I appreciate the added benefit of the product’s repellent properties, which helps to prevent fleas and ticks from jumping onto my dog in the first place. The only downside is that it can be a bit messy to apply, but the results are well worth the effort.
3. Revolution Flea and Tick Topical
Revolution Flea and Tick Topical is a broad-spectrum product that not only kills fleas and ticks but also controls heartworms, ear mites, and sarcoptic mange. It contains selamectin, which is a unique ingredient that works to protect against a wide range of parasites. The product is easy to apply and comes in a convenient applicator tube. It is also waterproof and can be used on dogs as young as 6 weeks old.
I have used Revolution on my dog for several years, and it has been a game-changer. Not only has it kept my dog flea- and tick-free, but it has also provided protection against heartworms and other parasites. I appreciate the convenience of using a single product to protect against so many different parasites. The only downside is that it can be a bit pricey, but I believe it is worth the cost for the comprehensive protection it provides.
4. Capstar Flea and Tick Topical
Capstar Flea and Tick Topical is a fast-acting product that starts killing fleas within 30 minutes of application. It contains nitenpyram, which is a unique ingredient that works to quickly eliminate fleas. The product is easy to apply and comes in a convenient applicator tube. It is also safe to use on dogs as young as 4 weeks old and can be used in conjunction with other flea and tick products.
I have used Capstar on my dog during flea outbreaks, and it has worked quickly to eliminate the problem. My dog has not had any reactions to the product, and it has provided fast and effective relief from fleas. I appreciate the convenience of using a product that works so quickly, as it helps to prevent fleas from laying eggs and re-infesting my dog. The only downside is that it does not provide long-term protection, so it needs to be used in conjunction with other products.
5. Seresto Flea and Tick Topical
Seresto Flea and Tick Topical is a long-lasting product that provides up to 8 months of protection against fleas and ticks. It contains imidacloprid and flumethrin, which work together to provide comprehensive protection against fleas and ticks. The product is easy to apply and comes in a convenient collar form. It is also waterproof and can be used on dogs as young as 7 weeks old.
I have used Seresto on my dog for several years, and it has provided excellent protection against fleas and ticks. My dog has not had any reactions to the product, and it has kept her completely flea- and tick-free. I appreciate the convenience of using a product that lasts so long, as it eliminates the need for monthly applications. The only downside is that it can be a bit pricey, but I believe it is worth the cost for the long-term protection it provides.
Protecting Your Canine Companion: The Importance of Flea and Tick Prevention
Fleas and ticks are two of the most common external parasites that can affect dogs, causing discomfort, pain, and even transmitting diseases. These parasites can infest dogs of all ages and breeds, and can be found in various environments, including homes, parks, and backyards. Fleas can cause intense itching, leading to skin irritation and potentially serious health issues, while ticks can transmit diseases such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and ehrlichiosis.
Preventing flea and tick infestations is crucial to maintaining the health and well-being of dogs. One of the most effective ways to prevent these parasites is by using flea and tick topicals. These products are applied directly to the dog’s skin, typically between the shoulder blades, and can provide long-lasting protection against fleas and ticks. By using these products, dog owners can help prevent the discomfort, pain, and potential health risks associated with flea and tick infestations.
When it comes to choosing the right flea and tick prevention product, there are many options available. Dog owners can choose from a variety of products, including shampoos, sprays, and topicals. However, topicals are often considered the most convenient and effective option, as they are easy to apply and can provide long-lasting protection. To find the best flea and tick topicals for dogs, owners should consider factors such as the product’s active ingredients, its effectiveness against fleas and ticks, and its safety for use on their dog.
Regular use of flea and tick topicals can help prevent infestations and reduce the risk of disease transmission. Additionally, these products can help prevent the development of flea allergy dermatitis, a common skin condition caused by flea bites. By incorporating flea and tick topicals into their dog’s regular care routine, owners can help keep their canine companion healthy, happy, and protected from the risks associated with these parasites. With the right product and regular use, dog owners can enjoy peace of mind knowing that their dog is protected against fleas and ticks.
Types of Flea and Tick Topicals for Dogs
Flea and tick topicals for dogs come in various forms, including spot-on treatments, sprays, and shampoos. Spot-on treatments are the most common type and are applied directly to the dog’s skin, usually between the shoulder blades. These treatments are convenient and easy to use, making them a popular choice among dog owners. Sprays, on the other hand, are often used to treat larger areas of the dog’s body and can be more effective for dogs with severe flea and tick infestations. Shampoos are another option and can be used in conjunction with other treatments for optimal results.
When choosing a flea and tick topical for your dog, it’s essential to consider the type of product that will work best for your pet. For example, if your dog has sensitive skin, you may want to opt for a gentle, hypoallergenic formula. If your dog spends a lot of time outdoors, you may want to choose a product that provides long-lasting protection against fleas and ticks. By considering your dog’s individual needs and lifestyle, you can select the most effective and convenient flea and tick topical for your pet.
In addition to considering the type of product, it’s also crucial to think about the active ingredients used in the flea and tick topical. Some products contain natural ingredients, such as essential oils, while others contain synthetic chemicals. If you prefer to use natural products on your dog, look for a flea and tick topical that contains ingredients like lemongrass or citronella. On the other hand, if you’re looking for a product that provides quick and effective results, you may want to opt for a product that contains synthetic ingredients like fipronil or imidacloprid.
By understanding the different types of flea and tick topicals available for dogs, you can make an informed decision about which product to use on your pet. Whether you choose a spot-on treatment, spray, or shampoo, be sure to follow the product instructions carefully and take necessary precautions to avoid exposure to the active ingredients. With the right flea and tick topical, you can help keep your dog safe from these pesky parasites and reduce the risk of flea and tick-borne illnesses.
Benefits of Using Flea and Tick Topicals for Dogs
Using flea and tick topicals for dogs can provide numerous benefits for your pet’s health and well-being. One of the most significant advantages of using these products is that they can help prevent flea and tick infestations, which can be uncomfortable and even painful for dogs. Fleas and ticks can also transmit diseases like Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and ehrlichiosis, so using a flea and tick topical can help reduce the risk of these illnesses.
Another benefit of using flea and tick topicals for dogs is that they can be convenient and easy to use. Many products are applied directly to the dog’s skin, eliminating the need for messy powders or sprays. This can be especially helpful for dog owners who have busy schedules or prefer a low-maintenance flea and tick control method. Additionally, many flea and tick topicals for dogs are long-lasting, providing protection for several weeks or even months.
Flea and tick topicals for dogs can also help reduce the risk of flea and tick-borne illnesses in humans. While fleas and ticks are primarily a problem for dogs, they can also infest homes and yards, posing a risk to human health. By using a flea and tick topical on your dog, you can help prevent the spread of these parasites and reduce the risk of illness in your family. Overall, using a flea and tick topical for dogs can be an effective and convenient way to protect your pet’s health and well-being.
In addition to the benefits mentioned above, flea and tick topicals for dogs can also help improve your pet’s quality of life. Fleas and ticks can cause discomfort, anxiety, and stress in dogs, which can lead to behavioral problems and other issues. By using a flea and tick topical, you can help eliminate these pesky parasites and improve your dog’s overall comfort and happiness. Whether you’re looking for a convenient, effective, or low-maintenance flea and tick control method, a topical product can be an excellent choice for your dog.
Common Active Ingredients in Flea and Tick Topicals for Dogs
Flea and tick topicals for dogs often contain a variety of active ingredients, each with its own unique properties and benefits. Some common active ingredients used in these products include fipronil, imidacloprid, and pyrethrin. Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that is effective against fleas, ticks, and other parasites. Imidacloprid is another popular active ingredient that works by disrupting the nervous system of fleas and ticks, ultimately killing them. Pyrethrin is a natural ingredient derived from chrysanthemum flowers and is often used in combination with other active ingredients to enhance its effectiveness.
Other active ingredients used in flea and tick topicals for dogs include permethrin, dinotefuran, and lufenuron. Permethrin is a synthetic version of pyrethrin and is often used in spot-on treatments and sprays. Dinotefuran is a neonicotinoid insecticide that is effective against fleas and ticks, as well as other parasites like mosquitoes and flies. Lufenuron is an insect growth regulator that prevents flea eggs from hatching, ultimately reducing the flea population over time.
When choosing a flea and tick topical for your dog, it’s essential to consider the active ingredients used in the product. Some dogs may be sensitive to certain ingredients, so it’s crucial to read the product label carefully and follow the instructions provided. Additionally, some active ingredients may interact with other medications or health conditions, so be sure to consult with your veterinarian before using a new flea and tick topical on your dog.
By understanding the common active ingredients used in flea and tick topicals for dogs, you can make an informed decision about which product to use on your pet. Whether you prefer natural or synthetic ingredients, there are many effective and convenient options available to help protect your dog from fleas and ticks. Always follow the product instructions carefully and take necessary precautions to avoid exposure to the active ingredients, and consult with your veterinarian if you have any questions or concerns.
Precautions and Potential Side Effects of Flea and Tick Topicals for Dogs
While flea and tick topicals for dogs can be effective and convenient, they can also pose some risks and side effects. One of the most common precautions to take when using these products is to avoid exposure to the active ingredients. Many flea and tick topicals contain chemicals that can be toxic to humans and other animals, so it’s essential to handle the products carefully and avoid touching the treated area on your dog’s skin.
Another precaution to take when using flea and tick topicals for dogs is to follow the product instructions carefully. Overdosing or underdosing can occur if you don’t follow the instructions provided, which can lead to reduced effectiveness or increased side effects. Additionally, some dogs may be sensitive to certain active ingredients, so it’s crucial to monitor your pet closely after applying a new flea and tick topical.
Potential side effects of flea and tick topicals for dogs can include skin irritation, itching, and redness at the application site. Some dogs may also experience more severe reactions, such as vomiting, diarrhea, or seizures, although these are rare. If you notice any unusual symptoms or side effects in your dog after using a flea and tick topical, consult with your veterinarian immediately. They can help you determine the cause of the reaction and recommend alternative treatments or products.
To minimize the risk of side effects and precautions, it’s essential to choose a flea and tick topical that is specifically formulated for your dog’s age, weight, and health status. Always read the product label carefully and follow the instructions provided, and consult with your veterinarian if you have any questions or concerns. By taking these precautions and being aware of the potential side effects, you can help keep your dog safe and healthy while using a flea and tick topical.
Buying Guide for Best Flea and Tick Prevention Products
When it comes to protecting your dog from fleas and ticks, there are many options available on the market. With so many different products to choose from, it can be overwhelming to decide which one is right for your pet. In this guide, we will discuss the key factors to consider when buying flea and tick topicals for your dog, helping you make an informed decision to keep your pet safe and healthy.
Effectiveness Against Fleas and Ticks
The first and most important factor to consider when buying flea and tick topicals is their effectiveness against these parasites. You want a product that will not only kill existing fleas and ticks but also prevent new ones from infesting your dog. Look for products that contain ingredients such as fipronil, imidacloprid, or permethrin, which are known for their effectiveness against fleas and ticks. These ingredients work by either killing the parasites on contact or preventing them from reproducing, thereby breaking the infestation cycle.
When evaluating the effectiveness of a flea and tick topical, consider the product’s kill rate and how quickly it works. Some products may take several hours or even days to start working, while others may kill fleas and ticks on contact. Additionally, consider the product’s duration of action, as some may need to be reapplied frequently to maintain their effectiveness. By choosing a product that is highly effective against fleas and ticks, you can help prevent the discomfort, allergic reactions, and diseases that these parasites can cause.
Active Ingredients and Mode of Action
Another key factor to consider when buying flea and tick topicals is the active ingredients and their mode of action. Different products contain different active ingredients, each with its own unique mode of action. Some products may contain a single active ingredient, while others may contain a combination of ingredients that work together to provide broader protection. Understanding the active ingredients and their mode of action can help you choose a product that is best suited to your dog’s needs.
For example, some products may contain ingredients that work systemically, meaning they are absorbed into the dog’s bloodstream and work from the inside out. These products can be effective against fleas and ticks, as well as other internal parasites. Other products may contain ingredients that work topically, meaning they are applied directly to the skin and work locally to kill fleas and ticks. By understanding the mode of action of the active ingredients, you can choose a product that provides the right level of protection for your dog.
Safety and Potential Side Effects
When buying flea and tick topicals, it is also important to consider the safety and potential side effects of the product. While these products are designed to be safe for use on dogs, some may cause side effects, particularly if used incorrectly or in sensitive individuals. Common side effects may include skin irritation, itching, or redness at the application site, as well as more serious reactions such as seizures or allergic reactions.
To minimize the risk of side effects, always follow the product instructions carefully and take steps to avoid exposure to the product, such as wearing gloves when applying it to your dog. Additionally, consider your dog’s individual health status and any pre-existing medical conditions that may affect their ability to tolerate the product. For example, dogs with liver or kidney disease may require a different product or dosage than healthy dogs. By choosing a product that is safe and well-tolerated, you can help protect your dog from fleas and ticks while minimizing the risk of adverse reactions.
Ease of Application and Convenience
The ease of application and convenience of a flea and tick topical are also important factors to consider. Some products may be messy or difficult to apply, while others may be quick and easy to use. Consider the product’s formulation, such as a spray, spot-on, or shampoo, and whether it is easy to apply to your dog’s skin. Additionally, consider the product’s packaging and whether it is convenient to use, such as a single-dose applicator or a multi-dose bottle.
When evaluating the ease of application and convenience of a flea and tick topical, consider your lifestyle and preferences. If you have a busy schedule or multiple dogs to treat, you may prefer a product that is quick and easy to apply. On the other hand, if you have a dog that is sensitive or nervous, you may prefer a product that is gentle and easy to use. By choosing a product that is convenient and easy to apply, you can help ensure that you use it consistently and effectively, providing your dog with the best flea and tick topicals for dogs.
Cost and Value
The cost and value of a flea and tick topical are also important factors to consider. While some products may be more expensive than others, they may also provide longer-lasting protection or greater effectiveness against fleas and ticks. Consider the product’s price per application, as well as its overall cost-effectiveness. Additionally, consider the product’s value, such as its ability to prevent diseases or reduce the risk of flea and tick infestations.
When evaluating the cost and value of a flea and tick topical, consider your budget and the level of protection you need. If you have a dog that is highly susceptible to flea and tick infestations, you may be willing to pay more for a product that provides superior protection. On the other hand, if you have a dog that is relatively healthy and lives in an area with low flea and tick activity, you may prefer a more budget-friendly option. By choosing a product that provides good value and cost-effectiveness, you can help protect your dog from fleas and ticks while staying within your budget.
Brand Reputation and Customer Support
Finally, consider the brand reputation and customer support when buying flea and tick topicals. A reputable brand with a history of producing high-quality products can provide peace of mind and confidence in the product’s effectiveness and safety. Look for brands that are well-established and have a strong reputation in the pet care industry. Additionally, consider the level of customer support provided by the brand, such as online resources, customer service, and product warranties.
When evaluating the brand reputation and customer support, consider online reviews and ratings from other customers. Look for brands that have a high level of customer satisfaction and a reputation for standing behind their products. Additionally, consider the brand’s commitment to animal health and welfare, as well as their involvement in the pet care community. By choosing a brand with a strong reputation and good customer support, you can help ensure that you are getting a high-quality product that meets your needs and provides effective protection against fleas and ticks.
FAQs
What are flea and tick topicals for dogs?
Flea and tick topicals for dogs are products that are applied directly to a dog’s skin to prevent and treat flea and tick infestations. These products typically contain active ingredients such as insecticides, repellents, or growth regulators that help to kill or repel fleas and ticks. They are usually applied to the dog’s back, between the shoulder blades, and can provide protection against fleas and ticks for several weeks.
The active ingredients in flea and tick topicals can vary depending on the product, but common ingredients include fipronil, imidacloprid, and permethrin. These ingredients work by either killing fleas and ticks on contact, or by preventing them from reproducing. Flea and tick topicals can be an effective way to protect dogs from the discomfort and health risks associated with flea and tick infestations, and can be used in conjunction with other flea and tick control methods, such as oral medications and shampoos.
How do flea and tick topicals work?
Flea and tick topicals work by releasing their active ingredients onto the dog’s skin, where they can be absorbed and distributed throughout the body. The active ingredients then work to kill or repel fleas and ticks, either by disrupting their nervous systems, preventing them from reproducing, or by making the dog’s skin an unpleasant environment for them to live in. The exact mechanism of action can vary depending on the product and its active ingredients, but the end result is the same: to provide protection against fleas and ticks.
The duration of protection provided by flea and tick topicals can vary depending on the product, but most products provide protection for several weeks. Some products may need to be reapplied every 2-4 weeks, while others may provide protection for up to 3 months. It’s also important to note that flea and tick topicals may not provide immediate protection, and it may take several hours or days for the product to start working. It’s always a good idea to read the product label and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for application and use.
What are the benefits of using flea and tick topicals for dogs?
The benefits of using flea and tick topicals for dogs include convenience, effectiveness, and ease of use. Flea and tick topicals are often simple to apply, and can provide long-lasting protection against fleas and ticks. They can also be used in conjunction with other flea and tick control methods, such as oral medications and shampoos, to provide comprehensive protection. Additionally, flea and tick topicals can help to reduce the risk of flea and tick-borne diseases, such as Lyme disease and ehrlichiosis.
Another benefit of flea and tick topicals is that they can help to reduce the discomfort and stress associated with flea and tick infestations. Fleas and ticks can cause significant discomfort and anxiety for dogs, and can lead to skin irritation, hair loss, and other health problems. By providing protection against fleas and ticks, flea and tick topicals can help to improve a dog’s overall quality of life and reduce the risk of associated health problems.
How do I choose the best flea and tick topical for my dog?
Choosing the best flea and tick topical for your dog can depend on several factors, including your dog’s age, size, and health status. It’s also important to consider the severity of the flea and tick infestation, as well as any other health problems your dog may have. You should also read the product label carefully and look for products that are specifically formulated for your dog’s size and age.
It’s also a good idea to consult with your veterinarian before choosing a flea and tick topical for your dog. Your veterinarian can help you determine the best product for your dog’s specific needs, and can also provide guidance on how to use the product effectively. Additionally, your veterinarian can help you monitor your dog’s response to the product and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.
Are flea and tick topicals safe for my dog?
Flea and tick topicals are generally considered safe for dogs when used as directed. However, as with any medication or pesticide, there is a risk of side effects or adverse reactions. Common side effects of flea and tick topicals can include skin irritation, itching, and redness at the site of application. In rare cases, more serious side effects can occur, such as seizures, tremors, or vomiting.
To minimize the risk of side effects, it’s essential to follow the product label instructions carefully and use the product only as directed. You should also monitor your dog closely after applying the product, and seek veterinary attention immediately if you notice any signs of an adverse reaction. Additionally, you should always read the product label carefully and look for products that are specifically formulated for your dog’s size and age.
Can I use flea and tick topicals on puppies or pregnant dogs?
Flea and tick topicals can be used on puppies and pregnant dogs, but it’s essential to use caution and follow the product label instructions carefully. Puppies and pregnant dogs may be more sensitive to the active ingredients in flea and tick topicals, and may require special care and attention. You should always consult with your veterinarian before using a flea and tick topical on a puppy or pregnant dog, as they can help you determine the best product and treatment plan for your dog’s specific needs.
In general, flea and tick topicals are not recommended for puppies under a certain age, usually 8 weeks. This is because puppies at this age may be more sensitive to the active ingredients, and may require special care and attention. Pregnant dogs can also be more sensitive to flea and tick topicals, and may require special care and attention to ensure the health and safety of both the mother and the puppies.
How often should I apply flea and tick topicals to my dog?
The frequency of application for flea and tick topicals can vary depending on the product and the severity of the flea and tick infestation. Most products are designed to be applied every 2-4 weeks, but some products may need to be reapplied more frequently. It’s essential to follow the product label instructions carefully and apply the product only as directed.
You should also monitor your dog’s response to the product and adjust the treatment plan as needed. If you live in an area with a high risk of flea and tick infestations, you may need to apply the product more frequently to provide adequate protection. Additionally, you should always read the product label carefully and look for products that are specifically formulated for your dog’s size and age, as this can help ensure the product is used safely and effectively.
Final Words
In conclusion, protecting your dog from fleas and ticks is a crucial aspect of their overall health and wellbeing. These parasites can cause a range of problems, from discomfort and skin irritation to the transmission of serious diseases. By choosing the right preventative measures, you can help keep your dog safe and healthy. With so many options available on the market, it can be difficult to know where to start, but by doing your research and considering your dog’s individual needs, you can make an informed decision.
Ultimately, the best flea and tick topicals for dogs offer a convenient and effective way to protect your pet from these pesky parasites. By selecting a high-quality topical treatment, you can enjoy peace of mind knowing that your dog is protected from the risks associated with fleas and ticks. Whether you’re looking for a treatment that is easy to apply, gentle on your dog’s skin, or highly effective, there are many excellent options to choose from. By taking the time to research and compare different products, you can find the perfect solution for your dog’s unique needs, and help keep them happy, healthy, and thriving.